Types of surveillance cameras explained: wired vs. wireless

Choosing the right surveillance camera system is crucial in an era where security is a top priority. Surveillance cameras play a vital role in safeguarding residential, commercial, and industrial properties.

This article provides an overview of the two main types of surveillance cameras — wired and wireless — highlighting their features, advantages, and ideal usage scenarios to help you make an informed decision.

Types of surveillance cameras

Surveillance cameras are broadly categorized into two types: wired and wireless. Each type has distinct characteristics that make them suitable for different applications.

Wired surveillance cameras

To better understand how these cameras are managed and their functionality, it’s useful to categorize wired cameras features into the following groups:

Connection

Wired surveillance cameras use cables that transmit both power and data. These are typically coaxial or Ethernet cables, ensuring a direct and stable connection between the camera and a network video recorder.

Installation

The installation of wired cameras can be complex, often requiring professional assistance. Running cables through walls, ceilings, and other structures can be labor-intensive and time-consuming. However, once installed, these cameras provide robust security thanks to reliable connection.

Reliability

Wired cameras are known for their stability and consistent performance. Unlike wireless systems, they are immune to interference from other electronic devices. This makes them the preferred choice for reliable and uninterrupted surveillance.

Power source

Wired cameras are typically connected to a power grid and have constant power supply. This setup eliminates the need for frequent battery replacements or recharging, keeping the cameras operational at all times.

Ideal usage scenarios

Wired cameras are especially well-suited for large properties and commercial buildings, where extensive coverage and high reliability are crucial. They are also an excellent choice for new builds or sites under major renovation because wiring can be easily integrated into the building plans. Additionally, wired cameras can be installed in houses and apartments, offering a reliable security solution for various types of properties.

Wireless surveillance cameras

Next, we'll cover the same key aspects for wireless surveillance cameras:

Connection

Wireless surveillance cameras utilize Wi-Fi or other wireless technologies to transmit data. The absence of cables allows for flexible camera placement but comes with the risk of signal loss. For this reason, such systems are not considered to be professional.

Installation

Wireless cameras have a significant advantage in terms of installation. They can be placed almost anywhere without the need for extensive wiring, making them ideal for quick and flexible installations. Setup requires only a power source and internet connection. 

Reliability

Wireless cameras depend on the strength and stability of the wireless signal. They are susceptible to interference from other electronic devices, obstacles, and network congestion. Therefore, maintaining a strong and stable internet connection is crucial for optimal performance.

Power source

Wireless cameras have two main power supply options: battery-powered and AC adapter models. Battery-powered cameras offer completely wireless operation but require regular maintenance: a user has to replace or recharge batteries. AC adapter models, while still transmitting data wirelessly, need a constant power supply, which can limit placement flexibility.

Ideal usage scenarios

Wireless cameras are highly versatile and suitable for various settings, including residential property and small businesses, where ease of installation and flexibility are a priority. These cameras provide the convenience of wireless technology. However, it's important to ensure a reliable Wi-Fi connection to maintain optimal performance and avoid potential connectivity issues.

Shared specifications

Resolution

Both wired and wireless cameras offer a range of resolution options, from HD (720p) to Full HD (1080p) and 4K (2160p). Higher resolution provides a clearer image, which can be crucial for identifying faces and details such as license plates. However, not all Wi-Fi or 4G connections can deliver good video quality for wireless cameras. Video streaming quality can be affected by network stability and bandwidth limitations.

Power supply

Wired cameras typically use Power over Ethernet (PoE), where a single Ethernet cable provides both power supply and data transmission. Wireless cameras, on the other hand, may use batteries or an AC adapter. PoE is a better solution compared to separate power and data connections, as it eliminates the need for additional adapters 

Data transmission

Wired cameras transmit data through coaxial or Ethernet cables, ensuring a stable, high-speed connection. This makes them suitable for environments where consistent performance is critical. In contrast, wireless cameras rely on Wi-Fi or mobile networks (4G/5G), which can vary in speed and reliability depending on signal strength and network congestion. While wireless cameras offer greater flexibility and easier installation, they can be prone to connectivity issues, which may affect performance, especially in areas with weak or congested signals.

Night vision

Night vision capabilities are crucial for 24/7 surveillance. Both wired and wireless cameras can be equipped with infrared LEDs and low-light sensors to capture clear images in low-light conditions. Night vision quality can vary, so it’s important to choose cameras with advanced night vision features for critical applications.

Field of view

A camera’s field of view (FOV) determines the area it can cover. Both wired and wireless cameras offer various FOV options, from narrow to wide angles. Some cameras also feature adjustable lenses or motorized zoom to customize the viewing angle.

Storage options

Wired cameras usually store footage on local DVR (digital video recorder) or NVR (network video recorder) systems, offering extensive storage capacity and easy access to recorded footage. NVR systems can support large storage capacities, such as 256GB or much more, allowing for significant recording time, which is crucial for continuous surveillance. Wireless cameras often use cloud storage or local SD cards, which is more flexible but might involve costs for cloud services. However, wireless cameras using SD cards are typically limited in storage space, even to around 64 GB, which affects the amount of footage that can be stored compared to NVRs .

Weather resistance

Surveillance cameras, especially outdoor models, must be capable of withstanding various weather conditions. Both wired and wireless cameras come with weather resistance ratings, typically ranging from IP65 to IP68, which indicate their ability to resist exposure to dust and water.

Audio

Audio capabilities can enhance surveillance by capturing sound in addition to video. Both wired and wireless cameras may offer one-way or two-way audio. Two-way audio allows for communication through the camera, which can be useful for intercom or as a deterrent.

Control and accessibility

Both wired and wireless cameras often offer remote control capabilities via smartphone apps, allowing users to access live feeds and control settings from anywhere. This level of accessibility is a significant advantage for users who need to monitor their property while away. However, many Wi-Fi cameras rely on their own proprietary apps, which can sometimes be unreliable or buggy. In contrast, wired cameras typically integrate seamlessly with professional security systems, providing a more stable and user-friendly experience.

Comparison overview

Pros and cons

Wired cameras

Pros:

1. Stable and reliable connection. Wired surveillance cameras have a stable connection for power supply and data transmission, ensuring consistent video quality.
2. Continuous power supply. Connected to the power grid, wired cameras provide uninterrupted surveillance without needing battery replacements or recharging.
3. High-quality data transmission. Using coaxial or Ethernet cables, wired cameras can handle high bandwidths, allowing for high-resolution video transmission. It is essential for capturing critical details.
4. Less susceptible to interference. Wired systems are immune to wireless interferences from other electronic devices or network congestion, maintaining a reliable connection in any environment. Additionally, wired systems can offer unlimited storage for footage, allowing for extensive video archives.

Cons:

1. Complex installation process. Setting up wired cameras is often more involved, typically requiring professional help to run cables through walls and ceilings. While it may take more time, the end result is a highly reliable surveillance system.
2. Limited placement flexibility. Wired cameras are restricted by the need of cabling, limiting placement options. However, with thoughtful planning, it’s still possible to achieve comprehensive coverage of the property.
3. Higher initial cost. The need for professional installation and extensive cabling can make wired surveillance systems more expensive. Nevertheless, the reliability and long-term durability of these systems can justify the investment.

Wireless cameras

Pros:

1. Easy installation. Wireless cameras are easy to install, as they don’t require extensive wiring. This makes them convenient for quick and flexible setups.
2. Flexible placement. The lack of extensive wiring allows wireless cameras to be positioned in a wide range of locations, providing more versatility in coverage options.
3. Remote access and control. Many wireless cameras come with smartphone apps, enabling users to access live feeds and adjust settings from anywhere, adding an extra layer of convenience and security. 

Cons:

1. Dependent on wireless signal strength. The performance of wireless cameras depends heavily on the strength and stability of internet connection. Poor signal quality may result in laggy video feed or lost connection, affecting the overall performance of the system.
2. Risk of interference. Wireless cameras are susceptible to interference from other electronic devices and neighboring wireless networks, leading to signal degradation and affecting the system's reliability.
3. Regular maintenance for battery-powered models. Battery-powered wireless cameras require regular maintenance to replace or recharge batteries, which can be inconvenient, especially if installed in hard-to-reach locations.
4. Possibly higher long-term costs. While the initial cost of wireless cameras may be lower, additional expenses such as cloud storage fees, battery replacements, and potential upgrades can add up, making long-term costs comparable to or higher than wired systems.

Conclusion

In summary, both wired and wireless surveillance cameras come with distinct advantages and disadvantages. Wired cameras offer stability, reliability, and less power-related maintenance, continuous energy supply, which makes them well-suited for various use scenarios. On the other hand, wireless cameras provide easy installation, greater placement flexibility, and remote access, all of which are the benefits that suit specific needs.

Choosing the right surveillance camera system involves careful consideration of various factors such as installation complexity, reliability, and specific usage scenarios. Both wired and wireless cameras provide unique advantages and are better suited to different environments and needs. By weighing these factors, you can ensure the safety and security of your property.